This course provides a comprehensive exploration of biological diversity, charting the evolutionary relationships, classification systems, and nomenclatural frameworks of both the animal and plant kingdoms. Together, it will examine the core theoretical foundations of taxonomy, from classical phenetics and evolutionary taxonomy to modern cladistics and biochemical data analysis, while grounding these concepts in practical applications. From mastering international codes of nomenclature and essential herbarium techniques to exploring the rich history of botanical research in Sri Lanka, this curriculum is designed to equip you with the vital skills needed to navigate and conserve biodiversity in the 21st century.